Andorra is currently in the research phase, according to reporting in Diari d’Andorra. It was reported that new legislation would establish “programmable digital sovereign money” designed to serve “as a means of payment and compensation as digital money issued by the central bank or sovereign government authority and intended for the general public” and “serve as a new form of issuing bonds of the State, so that it can obtain financing.”

Andorra earned a 93 out of 100 in Freedom House’s 2023 Freedom in the World report. As both Freedom House noted in the report and the U.S. Department of State noted in its report, Andorra ranks well across nearly all issues. Even then, however, it’s important to recognize that the creation of a CBDC could open the door to risks to financial privacy and financial freedom.

For additional information on concerns regarding violations of human rights and civil liberties, see the following reports by Amnesty International, Financial Tyranny Index, Freedom House, Human Rights Watch, Privacy International, and the U.S. Department of State. For additional information on concerns regarding the risks of CBDCs, see the following webpage and report by the Cato Institute: The Risks of CBDCs and Central Bank Digital Currency: Assessing the Risks and Dispelling the Myths.

For additional information regarding metrics, the methodology page explains each of the data points and provides their respective sources.