Malta is currently in the research phase. Unlike some other members of the European Union, Malta appears to be largely deferring to the European Central Bank’s work on its CBDC (referred to as the digital euro). The Central Bank of Malta provides some information, but it is all predicated on the European Central Bank’s work.

A full analysis of the CBDC developments in Malta and Malta’s treatment of civil liberties is forthcoming.

In the meantime, for additional information on concerns regarding violations of human rights and civil liberties, see the following reports by Amnesty International, Financial Tyranny Index, Freedom House, Human Rights Watch, Privacy International, and the U.S. Department of State. For additional information on concerns regarding the risks of CBDCs, see the following webpage and report by the Cato Institute: The Risks of CBDCs and Central Bank Digital Currency: Assessing the Risks and Dispelling the Myths.

For additional information regarding metrics, the methodology page explains each of the data points and provides their respective sources.